Category: non fiction

Profits, Prophets, Coaches, and Kings by Jared Diamond (popular science / history)

I never read the very popular Guns, Germs, and Steel, so perhaps my expectations for this book were too high, but I did find it disappointing. The subject was ostensibly “When do leaders matter” — is there something uniquely capable about them or are they just in the right place at the right time and someone else would have accomplished the same thing had they not been there. To expand on this “query” Diamond elaborates (at length and in a rambling, unclear, and far too repetitive manner) on the “research” methods used to investigate the question: biography, the “Hamlet test,” and natural experiments (finding experimental situations “in the wild” rather than planned in laboratory).

The book is segmented into four categories: Political, business, sports, and religious leaders. I did enjoy many of the “stories” — mini biographies of “great” figures in each category, and some high level, but interesting analysis of why some religions succeeded while others did not (surprisingly Islam was not mentioned which is a bit of an oversight? Perhaps intentional?). However, I found the depth of investigation to be shallow to the point where I felt some recaps came straight from wikipedia without checking for factual inaccuracies (of which I found several), and conclusions drawn in a sloppy fashion without adequate coverage of contributing factors or even breadth of contributing research.

The writing is (IMHO) simply bad. The narrative rambles, repeats, inserts some personal stories that were strangely ineffective at bonding us to the writer. A large number of pages are devoted to explaining various research techniques but I did not find the writing to have the clarity I look for when explaining potentially complex or unfamiliar subjects. I’m already familiar with these techniques but I wouldn’t have understood them from his verbose and incoherent descriptions. I was also a bit disturbed in some places by his content — asking his readers “do they feel strongly enough about an individual leader’s negative impact that they would sacrifice their own life in order to assassinate him or her?” He was referring to Hitler but too many people today are taking that question seriously and considering “evil” targets that have done little more than disagree with their ideology. Do we want to suggest to people that assassination is a noble endeavor as that question suggests? Similarly, he lumped Margaret Thatcher and Mao Zedong together into a category of leaders with a “mixed legacy.” Mao killed 40 – 80 million of his own people. Does Margaret Thatcher really fall into the same category? Small points but troubling nonetheless.

The book is really a set of vignettes loosely aligned with leadership and impact. I found it entertaining at times, though more difficult to read than it should have been. I didn’t find the main question to be an important one, nor do I think he actually came to any real conclusion, never mind one based on real data extracted from solid research methods. I would categorize this in the popular science / history category along with Mary Roach, Malcolm Gladwell and their ilk, though less entertaining.

Thank you to Mariner Books and NetGalley for providing an advance copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. The book was published on September 1st, 2026.

The American Way of Killing by Malcolm Gladwell (Non fiction)

Gladwell’s latest tackles the highly emotional topic of Violence in America — and he tackles it with a shocking amount of anger and aggression aimed at Americans — all 350 million of us. Gladwell’s general approach to his subjects is to (in his words) find interesting anecdotes and interesting research and pair them up. The set of vignettes in this collection do this but in a hostile and often misleading way. Hostile in that he’s clearly angry at Americans (again — all of us) literally and repeatedly calling us stupid, dishonest, “morally reckless,” and pedantic at various points in the narratives. Misleading in that none of his “stories” are comprehensive — some offer partial (but never tested at scale) solutions, many describe efforts and explain why they are a waste of time, a few contradict each other, and several leave out critical aspects of the data that could change the conclusions. I am glad I read this book and I did learn some new and relevant information, but I strongly recommend reading the book critically and doing your own supplemental research to get a fuller picture.

The bits I found interesting: Americans (according to Gladwell) think they are over policed, but in fact we are largely under-policed. A comparison of police forces in L.A. and Berlin (equal populations with L.A. a larger physical area) surprised me. 8,500 police in L.A. vs 18,000 in Berlin. This section included a good description of how a larger police force could prevent more crime and improve community engagement based on interviews with those who had run large police forces (e.g. Boston, L.A.). A dive into a program to teach young men (the victims and perpetrators of the largest segment of gun violence) how to maintain emotional control based on the “realization” that much of gun violence was based on “an exaggerated sense of moral injury leading them to take the law into their on hands.” A few dips into how gun fatality statistics are influenced on the one hand by the amazing abilities of surgeons to save victims who would have died in the past, and on the other hand by the location of trauma centers which are often not close enough to the areas that need them the most. While not productive in any sense, I did learn something from the details of the assault weapons ban — pages and pages of specific weapons banned, an even longer list of those not banned, followed by his point that most homicides were committed with handguns anyway.

The pointless or frustrating bits: Long diatribes about our “absurd” focus on the second amendment and the pedantic nature of the Supreme Court, betraying incomprehension for what the Constitution is and how the Supreme Court is supposed to make decisions (Gladwell is a British-Canadian who has lived in the U.S. since the mid eighties without applying for citizenship so maybe he missed the memo?). Conflating homicides and suicides into single gun violence statistics which give misleading ideas about where the biggest problems are. Some sideways mentions of racism without any cohesive theme — almost as though just throwing it in there.

I’ve read most, if not all, of Gladwell’s books and have enjoyed them. They are called “pop sociology” and I enjoy the surprising tidbits. However, with such a critical topic under discussion, the light-weight nature of the anecdotes coupled with the needlessly hostile tone really didn’t work for me. Read it — but spend some time thinking about what you read and maybe do a little extra research before drawing any conclusions.

There are so many good sources of relevant information out there. Here are a few statistics that I found (and found easily): There is an oft referenced meme on gun friendly states having the highest amount of gun deaths. Using the CDC data at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/homicide.html, what I found is that by removing the suicides and only looking at homicides, many of the “red” states known to be very gun friendly (Montana, Wyoming, Alaska) jumped down to the middle of the list because almost all (80-90%) of their gun deaths were suicides. In fact, California (very blue!) and Montana (pretty red!) have the exact same number of homicide gun deaths per capita. I also looked up what percentage of firearms in the U.S. were used to cause injury or fatality — according to https://publichealth.jhu.edu/center-for-gun-violence-solutions/data/annual-gun-violence-data, this is 0.003% of all firearms. Lastly, I asked one of the AI engines to give me information on guns used in self-defense and it gave me pointers to several different surveys run by a variety of organizations resulting in a large range (70,000 – 2,500,000) of reported self-defense events, mostly guns used as a deterrant, i.e. without firing a shot. For me this helps to frame why so many people want guns and how few (and concentrated) the use of guns for violence is.

I should mention that I am by no means a “gun nut,” and I’m extremely worried about the level of overall violence in our country — not just inner city gun homicides, but the tendency towards violence with any kind of weapon, the acceptance of politically motivated violence, the excusing of violence committed by the mentally ill, and the violence committed by people who just seem to enjoy it. Some level of gun control is of course required, but it is in no way sufficient. We have a big problem with people and culture — some of Gladwell’s stories point in the right direction, but not nearly enough.

Thank you to Little, Brown and Company and NetGalley for providing an advance copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. The book will be published on September 29th, 2027.

Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity by Peter Attia (Health)

I’m not terribly into “self-help” books, so I put off reading this one (despite multiple recommendations from people I trust) for far too long. It was fantastic and while saying it changed my life feels over the top, it certainly did shift my thinking in a pretty big way. The writing is clear and goes as deep as you would like, with the well articulated structure making it easy to skip about and explore areas of particular interest. In addition to the depth, I appreciated the refreshing honesty about what is known, what is evolving, and what is still pretty unclear in terms of actual data gathered in the confines of a well-designed scientific study.

The overall theme is “Medicine 3.0,” with a greater emphasis on prevention, personalization of treatment through genetic testing, biomarkers, and continuous monitoring rather than one-size-fits-all, and decision making using on evidence-based data. What was eye opening for me was how much of the “four horsemen” of aging (heart disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic dysfunction) begin their silent destruction sometimes decades before becoming symptomatic. We now have the technology to suggest preventative actions (specific steps on diet, exercise, sleep, and emotional health) through early measurement and experimentation. Too bad I’m not reading this in my forties!

I like models and reading through the book I was able to build up a real understanding of how all of these interconnected biological systems work, making it much easier to think about how lifestyle really can impact your health, especially as you age. I get tired of just hearing “eat well, exercise, and don’t smoke” as the generic advice. The deep dives on nutritional biochemistry and different types of exercise went way beyond that vague advice. Even the chapter on emotional health, which didn’t appeal to me at first as I feel like I have plenty of data on that, was actually quite an excellent and insightful summary of how our emotional state contributes to our overall health and feeling of well-being. Surprisingly applicable.

Easy to read — I’m very impressed at how complex systems are explained without oversimplification. Highly recommended.

A Short History of Ancient Rome by Pascal Hughes (Non fiction – Audio Book)

The title doesn’t lie — the book covers about 1,000 years of Roman history (from founding to end) and is only 352 pages (or in my audio book case, about 8 1/2 hours of listening). I don’t read a lot of non-fiction, as I find most of it muddied, tedious with extraneous detail, and overly biased, BUT I found this one to be very well-organized, clear, engaging, and with plenty of reference to the (sometimes competing) sources. It also started with a quip from Monty Python which put me in the right mood!

The book was well-structured, beginning with the stories of Rome’s founding (Romulus and Remus) and traipsing through a set of chronicles garnered from pivotal points in Rome’s history including the “real” stories behind popularized versions of characters like Spartacus, Caesar, Nero, Boudicca, and Attila the Hun. Progressing through the history at a reasonable pace allows the reader to watch the evolution of culture and values, political systems, definitions of personhood, and the technical accomplishments for which the Romans are justly famous. It was a bloody and brutal story from start to finish, to be honest, but it helps put our current issues and ideas of civilization into perspective. I found listening to it (while out on walks) to be useful as I enjoyed breaks from the (mostly unpleasant) “action.” After reading, I find myself marveling at how civilized we actually are in comparison, and also how fragile civilization always is.

Thank you to Harlequin Audio and NetGalley for providing an advance copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. The book was published on November 11th, 2025.

The Six by Loren Grush (Non-fiction)

This is the story of the first six women admitted to NASA’s astronaut corps. Drawn from extensive research, interviews, personal papers, etc, it is a blended story that follows each woman from an initial interest (often as children) through to the 1986 Challenger disaster. The narrative focus moved between what it meant for women to (finally) be allowed into the profession, and what it meant to be an astronaut regardless of gender or race. I much preferred the second theme as the level of detail — the (long) training regimen, the detailed prep for each mission, the nightmarish (for some) experience of requisite PR duty, and the actual experience of being in space and on a mission was completely engaging and well documented without a lot of extraneous agenda or overwrought emotion.


The focus on the barriers the women faced and how they were treated as women was actually well done. NASA made a decision to encourage women and minorities to apply to their historic recruitment of Mission Specialists for the new space shuttle program. The focus was completely on the competency of the women under consideration, who were put to the same tests and held to the same expectations as the men. They passed with flying colors — without the need to make changes to the requirements in any way in order to accommodate women. There were a few stories about pranks, teasing, and a Playboy centerfold or two, but nobody got “offended”and everybody simply focussed on doing a great job. The media was irritatingly focussed on asking about “romance in space,” whether the women “weeped” during training, or attacking the morality of a mother for considering such a career, but the women took these questions in stride, answering calmly and rationally and letting the ridiculous questioners look like the fools (IMHO). I was annoyed by the commentary in the prolog and epilog about the need for achieving representation of women and minorities in the astronaut corps — something I disagree with completely. I’m all for equal opportunity, equal pay, and equal recognition — I see no reason for any profession to have its practitioners exactly mirror the gender and racial makeup of the population at large. Get the best! And certainly none of “the six” were turned away from their space dreams by the lack of women role models. So there!


I particularly enjoyed all the details about the space flights — the (multi-year) training routines, the detailed prep for each mission, and the individual experiences on board — both the awe and the practical details on how difficult every day tasks such as movement, eating, and yes, toileting, becomes when one is weightless. I was also intrigued by the medical experiments designed to understand the impact of weightlessness on our internal fluid systems (think blood and a pumping heart). Not something I had considered before. Overall, a clear, engaging description of what it is like to be an astronaut, with personal focus on the journeys of the first six women to take the plunge.

The Greatest Sentence Ever Written by Walter Isaacson (Non fiction — History / Politics)

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” This is the sentence — the first in paragraph two of the Declaration of Independence — to which the title refers. Isaacson breaks the sentence down, elaborating on what each word or phrase meant in the context of the times. He follows this up with concluding chapters that remind us that the principles underlying the declaration were based on the need to balance personal opportunityt with the maintenance of “the common good.” He goes on to emphasize one of the main casualties of today’s lack of balance — the American Dream. He blames this near demise on the elite meritocracy that offers opportunity only to those who acquire educational credentials, leaving the other 62% resentful and foundering.

I found the book well written, full of some interesting tidbits, and thought-provoking, but I would have preferred more depth on exactly how we define “the common good,” as that seems to be a point of some contention in our current polarized democracy. I also feel that while the “elite meritocracy” may be a contributor to our economic and cultural woes, it is overly simplistic to assume it is the whole problem — there are so many contributing factors (not to mention the fact that I know quite a few successful people without college degrees and quite a few very well-educated people who find themselves unemployed with few prospects).

I love Isaacson’s biographies — I’ve read his books on Franklin, Doudna, Musk, Jobs, and Da Vinci. Those are full of the kind of intricate details on both the subject’s accomplishments, and the inspiration and drive that powered the journey. I would have been happier had the (very complex) topics in this book had a similar amount of completeness and clarity to them.

Thank you to Simon & Schuster and NetGalley for providing an advance copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. The book will be published on November 18th, 2026.

Revenge of the Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell (Non-fiction)

Always an engaging storyteller, Gladwell expands on the Tipping Point theme with an array of anecdotes, research, and social trends to show the impact of tipping points in many important constituents of our society. Ranging from localized bank robbery surges to medical mysteries to social epidemics to group proportions to — my favorite — why Harvard cares so much about arcane sports teams (like girl’s rugby), Gladwell works to understand the evolution of social problems and various bits of social engineering that have or could be applied to nudge things in the right direction. He includes several thought provoking ethical questions regarding these issues — no answers, but I always appreciate the ethical angle.

Some of the book sections that I particularly enjoyed: superspreaders — people who spread germs, pollution, bad behavior — spread orders of magnitude more than “regular” people. Group proportions — the “magic” 1/3 which is the fraction of a group that converts token outsiders into fully fledged members, with both good and bad consequences (think white flight and a truly shocking — to me — story of how Harvard developed its complex admissions process). Small area variation — how monocultures in small areas can lead to radically different behavior when compared to neighbor communities. Think vaccination rates, tonsillectomies, or suicide. The Overstory — how a story can get embedded into a culture without anyone being aware of the shifts. My favorite story here — a connection between the legalization of gay marriage and a long running sitcom starring an openly gay man.

In the last chapter — Conclusion — Gladwell applies the tipping point components developed in the book to the opioid crisis — quoting frequently from the Purdue Pharma (makers of Oxycontin) / Sackler family trial. I don’t completely agree with his conclusions, but was pretty shocked by some of the marketing and sales practices the pharmaceutical company used and how beyond effective (in terms of profit) they were.

Overall this was a thought provoking book, and I enjoyed reading it — with the exception of the first chapter about the LA bank robbery surge which for some reason both bored and upset me. If you feel yourself losing interest as well — just skip the first chapter! I quite enjoyed everything after.

Propaganda Wars: The Secret War of the Women in the OSS by Lisa Rogak (Non Fiction — History)

Propaganda Girls follows the lives of four women who worked in WWII’s OSS spinning propaganda webs that demoralized the enemy and helped speed the war to an end. Taking place in the European theater, behind enemy lines in occupied China, and in Washington, D.C., the story follows each of the women from her recruitment, through her placements and work, through her post-war life. The women: Marlene Dietrich — well known German actress who worked non stop for the effort; Betty MacDonald (NOT of Mrs. Piggle Wiggle fame) — the women’s editor in the Oahu paper, one of the first on the ground during Pearl Harbor; Jane Smith-Hutton — wife of a Naval Attache, fluent in Japanese, and held with her family for six months in the Tokyo American embassy after Pearl Harbor; and Barbara (“Zuzka”) Lauwers, a Czech national polyglot married to an American, who worked the European theater.

Each got into the work wanting to do something more for the war — and also wanting to do all that they were capable of doing, rather than living the traditional life available for most women. The story was full of details of life in that time period, the actual strategy and implementation of a propaganda war, and the (often ignored) contributions women made.

So many details were fascinating: The weird training they went through, details on procuring the exact right kind of papers, inks, and using the current language idioms. The arrays of people who had to be recruited with special skills. One story told of an innovative propaganda delivery system — condoms born up and stuffed with a pamphlet that could float across the water. The strategy for determining targets, fake stories, and deployments. How to deal with targets who were not actually literate. Special issues in places like India with hot, ink-melting climates and irregular electricity. But my favorite was a description of the “manual” face lift Marlene Dietrich had to undergo before filming, a kind of elastic pulling of her face, bound back into her hair. Painful and not permanent!

Part personal story, part full program debrief, the book was readable, entertaining, and enlightening.

Thank you to St. Martin’s Press and NetGalley for providing an advance copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. The book was published on March 4th, 2025.

The Invention of Yesterday: A 50,000-Year History of Human Culture, Conflict, and Connection by Tamim Ansary (Non Fiction)

In this ambitious book, Ansary tackles 50,000 years (literally) of history with the thesis that pervasive narrative is the key driver of both cohesion and conflict. Narratives are the glue holding together the social constellations that give rise to culture. From stone age to digital age and beyond the singularity, he traces these narratives through giant hinge points such as the evolution of language, worldviews stemming from religion or ideologies, and methods of conquest and absorption. Why can’t we all get along? Because we are living in different worlds of meaning.

What I gained from reading this book is a much better understanding of the Islamic World, as that, of all the histories, is the one I know least about. Looking through his other books, I now wish I had read “Destiny Disrupted: A history of the world through Islamic Eyes” or “Games Without Rules,” a history of Afghanistan. His primary concept is (to me) not new, and does not really help think of solutions — I think we’ve known for a long time that we need to really understand the other in order to try to find some kind of compromise — and sometimes that is simply impossible. The way he tied global peoples and events across time was pretty interesting, though I found it often very high level.

There were a lot of small surprises (to me). Here are some of them (I have fact-checked some, but not all):
• North Americans didn’t develop the wheel because they had no tamable beasts (I don’t completely understand this since 1) a wheeled cart would be helpful to a person and 2) has anyone tried to tame a buffalo? I really don’t know.)
• Unlike the Western world, the Chinese had no tradition of jealous gods, demanding exclusive worship, so it was easier to absorb multiple narratives.
• Arabs were the (big) slave traders in East Africa, while Europeans became the traders in West Africa. Since Islam forbids enslaving Muslims, many conquered peoples decided to convert.
• Rome never fell, but did kind of get taken over by the conquered who had been given a path to citizenship through battle. More of the German tribes (German meant “barbarians who keep bugging us” — his words) ended up in leadership positions shifting things.
• Persians were OK with Islam but not with Arab superiority and so found an acceptable path by finding a Persian descendant of the Prophet leading to the Shia split.
• History of the development of the Caste system in India and description of why political fragmentation did not lead to cultural fragmentation there.
• The main Arab contribution around 800 CE was to catalog everything done elsewhere, e.g. medical knowledge. Their central project was the documentation of Sharia — the complete manual of how to be a Muslim. Meanwhile, the central project of the Western world was Science.
• Mongols brought bubonic plague to Europe from the Himalayan foot hills via fleas. In 1345 they lay siege to cities by catapulting diseased warrior corpses into the city.
• Movable type could handle the Roman alphabet better than Chinese pictographs. Arab writing also had something about it (he was vague) that made it more difficult.
• When Mongols took over China they tried to be Chinese, but their policies came from a different environment (e.g. water shortage in their home on the Steppes led to policies that discourage bathing in China)
• Systems based on patronage and relationships (Islamic world) vs commerce (western) and what that led to.
• Columbus “discovering” America led to one of the biggest hinges: — some estimates are that 90% (55 million) of people in all the Americas died — mostly of disease — after that “visit.” A catastrophe that dwarfs the Mongol hordes, the Holocaust, the Black Death, and both world wars.
• Tools and machines were as seminal as the acquisitions of language. Western social constellations could incorporate machines into their networks of meaning much more easily than the other large empires of the time.
• The Muslim narrative with its patronage networks and Sharia law did not have a way of turning inventions into products. The Chinese world with its dream of a socially cohesive centralized state operated by an all pervasive bureaucracy didn’t either. New technology had the potential for disrupting existing social arrangements, and in much of the world preserving existing social arrangements took precedence over building better stuff.
• Societies shaped by the progress narrative (ie the West) had an advantage not because of the tools, but because of the improvements and variations they kept building on the first.
• The invention explosion was the busy energy of all the entrepreneurial companies and corporations that got excited about making things happen

In summary — it was a long book and the ratio (for my personal background) of new ideas or information to number of pages was lower than I would like. However, the writing was accessible — it didn’t tend to get dragged into too much tedium — and I did learn a lot about the Muslim World. However, at this point I’m more interested in going back and reading the two books I mentioned at this beginning of this review. I did read (in 2007 so I unfortunately do not recall the details) his memoir of growing up in Afghanistan and then coming to the U.S. in high school. That was excellent!

Elon Musk by Walter Isaacson (Biography)

Isaacson does a great job of bringing odd, but clearly brilliant, characters to life. He did it for Steve Jobs, Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo Da Vinci, and now he does it for Elon Musk who makes a great subject for Isaacson’s style of biography — one full of relevant detail along with well-rounded, attributed commentary every step of the way. From childhood to the creation of one industry disrupting business after another (eg Tesla, SpaceX, StarLink) all the way through to the (hostile, messy, and yet full of interesting disclosures) acquisition of Twitter, we get the full story as synthesized from interviews, public records, and the occasional clearly labeled author opinions. The coverage continues through December 2022. What comes through clearly is Musk’s passion, drive, and brilliance, as well as what he is like as a human being. My overall takeaway aligns with this Bill Gates comment: “You can feel whatever you want about Elon’s behavior, but there is no one in our time who has done more to push the bounds of science and innovation than he has.” After reading the book, I am a fan, albeit a fan who has no interest in either befriending (not a likely scenario in any case!) or working for the man

I love that Musk is motivated by pushing humanity forward on the grandest scale: making humans multiplanetary; leveraging renewable energy sources to fight climate change; ensuring that human consciousness survives; and enabling freedom of information through networks and speech platforms. I like that he has the courage to stand by the need for a strict meritocracy in his companies, not subscribing to what he calls the “woke-mind virus.” (I understand that this is a contentious issue but I fall on his side, at least in terms of optimizing for competence when hiring). His “simple” test for the people he hires (or keeps) is that they are “excellent, trustworthy, and driven.” Here excellent means actually excellent as in qualitatively MUCH better than average — not the inflated excellent that is designed to make everyone feel good. Also, his version of driven is intense — he keeps things moving with a “maniacal sense of urgency.” While I’m well beyond the energy levels required to work in such an environment, how exciting would it be to be a part of actually changing the world in such a direct, uncluttered, way? Anyone who has ever worked in a (larger) tech company knows the frustration of trying to get anything done with all of the bureaucracy and frankly mediocre gatekeepers along the way. The issues surrounding Twitter are a completely different kettle of fish. Isaacson says, “He thought of it as a technology company, when in fact it was an advertising medium based on human emotions and relationships.” There is extensive coverage and I’ll let you make up your own mind about it.

The book is full of detailed engineering information (made surprisingly accessible and interesting to readers with varying degrees of background and experience) ranging from the behavior of materials to principles of process design. We’re also treated to Musk’s ongoing verbal annotations at each step as to what he was doing, why he was doing it, how he made it happen, and what he would have done differently (not much, really, but some). I found it all pretty engaging.

So was it a good book? I thought so — it was superbly organized and curated so that topics were introduced at the appropriate time. The book proceeds in date order so you get a real sense as to the number of (giant and complex) balls Musk was keeping in the air at once — each with its own urgencies, engineering issues, political aspects, funding problems, etc. He didn’t take a lot of vacations. Isaacson had access to — and extensively interviewed — almost everyone who had any large part to play in the pages. This included family, friends, colleagues, past employees (both disgruntled and appreciative), reporters, industry luminaries, and, of course, Musk himself. Isaacson’s biographies are never dry reading and his style is blessedly clear and concise (we’re still talking 700+ pages — imagine what the length would have been had it been written by a lover of tangents!).

Well worth reading.